Data Communication and Computer Network

Data communications refers to the transmission of this digital data between two or more computers and a computer network or data network is a telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data. The physical connection between networked computing devices is established using either cable media or wireless media. The best-known computer network is the Internet.

This tutorial will teach you basics of Data Communication and Computer Network (DCN) and will also take you through various advance concepts related to Data Communication and Computer Network.

Introduction

A system of interconnected computers and computerized peripherals (such as printers) is called network. This interconnection among computers facilitates information sharing among them. Computers may connect to each other by wired media or wireless media.

Categories

Computer Networks are classified into many categories based on their respective attributes. These includes:

• Geographical span
• Inter-connectivity
• Administration
• Architecture

Geographical Span

Geographically a network can be seen in one of the following categories:

• It may be spanned across your table, among Bluetooth enabled devices. Ranging not more than few meters.
• It may be spanned across a whole building, including intermediate devices to connect all floors.
• It may be spanned across a whole city.
• It may be spanned across multiple cities or provinces.
• It may be one network covering whole world.

Inter-connectivity

Components of a network can be connected to each other differently in some fashion. By connectedness we mean either logically or physically or both ways.

• Every single device can be connected to every other device on network, making the network mesh.
• All devices can be connected to a single medium but geographically disconnected, created bus like structure.
• Each device is connected to its left and right peers only, creating linear structure.
• All devices connected together with a single device, creating star like structure.
• All devices connected arbitrarily using all previous ways to connect each other, resulting in a hybrid structure.

Administration

From an administrator’s point of view, a network can be private network which belongs a single autonomous system and cannot accessed outside its physical or logical domain. Or a network can be a public network, which can be accessed by all.

Network Architecture

• There can be one or more systems acting as Server. Other being Client, request the Server to serve requests. Servers take and process request on behalf of Clients.
• Two systems can be connected Point-to-Point, or in other words back-to-back fashion. They both reside on same level and called peers.
• There can be hybrid network which involves network architecture of both the above types.

Network Applications

Computer systems and peripherals are connected to form a network provides bunch of advantages:

• Resource sharing such as printers and storage devices.
• Exchange of Information by means of eMails and FTP.
• Information sharing by using Web or Internet.
• Interaction with other users using dynamic web pages.
• IP phones
• Video Conferences
• Parallel computing
• Instant Messaging